The societal risk aspects of chemical safety have become a focal point of concern for the public, governments, and the chemical industry. This concern stems from the increasing awareness of the vast number of chemicals present in everyday life, such as in household products, foods, and workplaces. Some of these chemicals have been linked to…

Public health encompasses a broad, multifaceted approach to understanding and addressing the health of populations. It focuses on the determinants of health—social, institutional, and environmental conditions—that significantly impact health outcomes. This approach recognizes that health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Globally, public health…

Drinking water is a vital component of human life and health, and ensuring its quality is a critical public health issue. Governments play a key role in monitoring and managing the quality of drinking water in public systems, with the aim of keeping contaminants within safe levels. This responsibility involves a complex interplay of scientific…

The quality of the air we breathe is intimately tied to both natural and industrial processes, and its impact on public health is increasingly becoming a point of concern. With growing information about the health impacts of exposure to various air pollutants, there is an urgent need to address air quality issues. In Canada, managing…