The societal risk aspects of chemical safety have become a focal point of concern for the public, governments, and the chemical industry. This concern stems from the increasing awareness of the vast number of chemicals present in everyday life, such as in household products, foods, and workplaces. Some of these chemicals have been linked to…

Public health encompasses a broad, multifaceted approach to understanding and addressing the health of populations. It focuses on the determinants of health—social, institutional, and environmental conditions—that significantly impact health outcomes. This approach recognizes that health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Globally, public health…