Risk-Based Optimization of Enforcement Activities

A federal agency required scientific support to enhance the effectiveness of its environmental enforcement activities. This involved identifying and analyzing the risk factors—both environmental and human health-related—that contribute to the likelihood and impact of regulatory offences. The objective was to develop a structured approach to prioritize enforcement actions under key legislative frameworks including the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, the Fisheries Act, the Species at Risk Act, and others.

The client sought expert advice on ranking noncompliance risks and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of various enforcement strategies. This included the development and validation of a methodology to optimize the allocation of inspection resources, with the aim of achieving targeted reductions in risk. A core element of the project was the creation of an algorithm that could be integrated into operational and strategic planning systems, enabling data-driven decisions on where and how to direct inspection efforts.

The engagement also called for peer-reviewed research, ongoing consultation, and detailed reporting. Deliverables included a cost-effectiveness analysis worksheet, an assessment of inspection project outcomes, and a tested optimization model. The work contributed to improved transparency in how environmental and health concerns are considered when setting enforcement priorities and offered a tool to evaluate value for money in enforcement operations.