Publication related to RSI or an RSI staff member
Options for basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on chronic disease endpoints: report from a joint US-/Canadian-sponsored working group.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used in Canada and the United States in planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and population groups. The approaches used to establish DRIs on the basis of classical nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities have worked well. However, it has proved to be more challenging to base DRI values on chronic disease endpoints; deviations from the traditional framework were often required, and in some cases, DRI values were not established for intakes that affected chronic disease outcomes despite evidence that supported a relation. The increasing proportions of elderly citizens, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, and the persistently high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which predispose to chronic disease, highlight the importance of understanding the impact of nutrition on chronic disease prevention and control. A multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and US government DRI steering committees met from November 2014 to April 2016 to identify options for addressing key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish reference values. The working group focused on 3 key questions: 1) What are the important evidentiary challenges for selecting and using chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews, 2) what intake-response models can future DRI committees consider when using chronic disease endpoints, and 3) what are the arguments for and against continuing to include chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews? This report outlines the range of options identified by the working group for answering these key questions, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each option.
Authors
- Yetley, Elizabeth A, Yetley EA, Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
- MacFarlane, Amanda J, MacFarlane AJ, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; amanda.macfarlane@hc-sc.gc.ca.
- Greene-Finestone, Linda S, Greene-Finestone LS, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Garza, Cutberto, Garza C, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.; Department of Global Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC.; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
- Ard, Jamy D, Ard JD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.
- Atkinson, Stephanie A, Atkinson SA, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Bier, Dennis M, Bier DM, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
- Carriquiry, Alicia L, Carriquiry AL, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
- Harlan, William R, Harlan WR, Retired, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
- Hattis, Dale, Hattis D, The George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA.
- King, Janet C, King JC, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
- Krewski, Daniel, Krewski D, McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- O'Connor, Deborah L, O'Connor DL, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto.; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Prentice, Ross L, Prentice RL, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- Rodricks, Joseph V, Rodricks JV, Ramboll-Environ International Corporation, Arlington, VA; and.
- Wells, George A, Wells GA, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used in Canada and the United States in planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and population groups. The approaches used to establish DRIs on the basis of classical nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities have worked well. However, it has proved to be more challenging to base DRI values on chronic disease endpoints; deviations from the traditional framework were often required, and in some cases, DRI values were not established for intakes that affected chronic disease outcomes despite evidence that supported a relation. The increasing proportions of elderly citizens, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, and the persistently high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which predispose to chronic disease, highlight the importance of understanding the impact of nutrition on chronic disease prevention and control. A multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and US government DRI steering committees met from November 2014 to April 2016 to identify options for addressing key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish reference values. The working group focused on 3 key questions: 1) What are the important evidentiary challenges for selecting and using chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews, 2) what intake-response models can future DRI committees consider when using chronic disease endpoints, and 3) what are the arguments for and against continuing to include chronic disease endpoints in future DRI reviews? This report outlines the range of options identified by the working group for answering these key questions, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each option.
