Publication related to RSI or an RSI staff member
Interactions between cigarette smoking and ambient PM(2.5) for cardiovascular mortality.
Associations between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are well documented however less is known regarding possible interactions with cigarette smoking. We previously reported a supra-additive synergistic relationship between PM(2.5) and cigarette smoking for lung cancer mortality. Here we examine interactions for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among 429,406 current or never smoking participants in the prospective American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II with modeled PM(2.5) concentrations. Cox proportional and additive hazards models were used to estimate mortality associations and interactions on the multiplicative and additive scales. A total of 146,495 all-cause and 64,339 cardiovascular (plus diabetes) deaths were observed. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for cardiovascular mortality for high vs. low PM(2.5) exposure (>14.44microg/m(3) vs
Authors
- Turner, Michelle C, Turner MC, McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mturner@uottawa.ca.
- Cohen, Aaron, Cohen A, Health Effects Institute, Boston, USA.
- Burnett, Richard T, Burnett RT, Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
- Jerrett, Michael, Jerrett M, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Diver, W Ryan, Diver WR, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Gapstur, Susan M, Gapstur SM, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Krewski, Daniel, Krewski D, McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- Samet, Jonathan M, Samet JM, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Pope, C Arden 3rd, Pope CA 3rd, Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.
Associations between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are well documented however less is known regarding possible interactions with cigarette smoking. We previously reported a supra-additive synergistic relationship between PM(2.5) and cigarette smoking for lung cancer mortality. Here we examine interactions for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among 429,406 current or never smoking participants in the prospective American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II with modeled PM(2.5) concentrations. Cox proportional and additive hazards models were used to estimate mortality associations and interactions on the multiplicative and additive scales. A total of 146,495 all-cause and 64,339 cardiovascular (plus diabetes) deaths were observed. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for cardiovascular mortality for high vs. low PM(2.5) exposure (>14.44microg/m(3) vs
